Central Asia Issuer description Master Post [solved]

Hello, and I hope you are well!

This is a follow up to a conversation Jarcek and I had some months ago regarding adding predecessors, successors, related states, and introductions to the Central Asian issuers. The submissions I have prepared will be grouped together here on this Master Post, starting with the Ancient Central Asian states. Predecessors, successors, or related states may be left out of some issuers if no good option exists on Numista.

Choresmia (ancient):

Successors: “Afrighid Dynasty”, “Khwarazmian Empire”

Introduction: Choresmia or Khwarazm is a large oasis region in western Uzbekistan. In antiquity, the waters of Khwarazm flowed from the Aral Sea down the Amu Darya river. The region was controlled by many states, including the Achaemenids, Alexander's Macedonian Empire, the Sassanians, and local rulers. The local coinage of ancient Khwarazm began during a period of rule by local people, and was largely influenced by earlier Greek designs.

Dahae Tribes

Successors: “Parthian Empire”

Introduction: The Dahae were a nomadic tribal confederation of Eastern Iranian people who lived within Central Asia. The chief of the Parni (one of the constituent tribes of the Dahae) Arsaces I founded the Parthian Empire.

Khotan Kingdom

Successors: “United Qarakhanid Khaganate”

Introduction: The Kingdom of Khotan was a Buddhist state that existed within modern day China’s Tarim Basin, Xinjiang Province. The kingdom was centered around the city of Hotan/Khotan, but controlled much of the Taklamakan Desert at times. The kingdom lasted for over 1,300 years, before being conquered by the Qarakhanids during the Islamization and Turkicization of Xinjiang. Coinage of Khotan is famous for combining both Chinese and Kharosthi scripts.

Merv Oasis

Related States: “Sassanian Empire”

Introduction: The Merv Oasis was an influential Silk Road Central Asian city, located in modern day Turkmenistan. It was the cultural and administrative center of the region of Margiana.

Bukhara Sogd (ancient)

Predecessors: “Kings of Baktria”

Successors: “Bukhara Sogd”, "Bukhar Khudat Dynasty”

Related States: “Samarqand (ancient)”, “Nakhhsab (ancient)”, “Kashkadarya Valley”

Introduction: The Bukhara Oasis was the most powerful state of western Sogdiana, and was a direct rival of Samarqand in the east. Local coinage in the oasis began as imitative tetradrachms of the Grece-Baktrian king  Euthydemos I, and eventually evolved into a more local style, citing local rulers such as Asbar and Mavak. Bukhara would come to be ruled by the power Bukhar Khudat Dynasty some time in the 7th century AD. 

Kangju Kingdom

Successors: “Principality of Chach”

Related States: “Tribal Confederation of Yuezhi”

Introduction: The Kangju were a tribal confederacy or kingdom that existed in ancient Central Asia. They were said to have been the second most powerful state in the region after the Yuezhi, and were said to have been tributaries of both the Yuezhi and Xiongnu. The capital of the Kangju was known as Beitian, and lay within the modern Tashkent metropolitan area. The Kangju were the direct predecessors to the early medieval Principality of Chach.

Kashkadarya Valley

Successors: “Principality of Kesh”

Related States: “Nakshab (ancient)”, “Bukhara (ancient)”, “Samarqand (ancient)”

Introduction: The Kashkadarya Valley made up much of Southern Sogdiana. Southern Soghd had two primary urban centers: Kesh (Shahrisabz) and Nakshab (Qarshi). While these two city-states mostly ruled independently of each other, there were times of political union between the two. 

Kobadien tribes

Predecessors: “Hephthalite Empire”

Successors: “Northern Tokharistan”

Introduction: The Kobadien Tribes were Hunnic tribes within the greater Hephthalite Empire. They were located within Northern Tokharistan, in modern day Southern Tajikistan and Northern Afghanistan.

Nakhshab (ancient)

Successors: “Principality of Nakhshab”

Related States: “Kashkadarya Valley”, “Bukhara (ancient)”, “Samarqand (ancient)”

Introduction: The city-state of Nakhshab (modern day Qarshi) was one of two urban centers within the region of Southern Sogdiana, the second being Kesh (Shahrisabz). While these two city-states mostly ruled independently of each other, there were times of political union between the two. 

Samarqand (ancient)

Successors: “Ikhshids of Samarqand"

Related States: “Bukhara (ancient)”, “Nakhshab (ancient)”, “Kashkadarya Valley”

Introduction: Samarqand was indisputably the most powerful of the ancient Sogdian city-states. It was the center of Eastern Sogdiana, and was often rival with Bukhara in the west. The coinage of Samarqand is characterized by small silver imitations of Seleucid coinage, as well as bronze coinage issued by the Hwabs of Samarqand; a local dynasty that ruled the city after the Hunnic period. The Hwabs would later be usurped by the Ikhshids, a local dynasty from Kesh.

Tribal confederation of Yuezhi

Successors: “Kushan Empire”

Related States: “Kangju Kingdom”

Introduction: The Yuezhi were a nomadic tribal confederation that originated in Western China. Over the centuries, the Yuezhi made two major migrations: the first was from Western China to Central Asia, and the second was from Central Asia to Northern India. The assorted tribes of the Yuezhi were united by Kujula Kadphises, who founded the Kushan Empire.

This will be a living page, as I add further issuers and information in the comments. Thank you for your time!

Afrighid dynasty

Predecessors: “Choresmia (ancient)”

Successors: “Afrighids of Kath”, “Khwarazmian Empire”

Introduction: The Afrighids were a Zoroastrian dynasty that ruled Choresmia/Khwarazm during the early medieval period. Even after the Islamization of Khwarazm, the Afrighids continued to rule for almost 2 centuries as vassals of various Islamic states, such as the Abbasids and Samanids.

Kerder District

Related States: “Afrighid Dynasty”

Introduction: The Kerder District was a local region within Khwarazm, ruled by local kings who were likely vassals of the Afrighids. Kerder was located to the east of what was once the Aral Sea.

Syr Darya Oghuz state

Predecessors: “Afrighid Dynasty”

Successors: “Seljuq Dynasty”

Related States: “Qarluq Khanate”

Introduction: The Syr Darya Oghuz State or the Oghuz Yabghu State was a Turkic khaganate located around the Caspian and Aral Seas in Central Asia. The Oghuz Turks once formed a part of the larger Göktürk Khaganates, but formed their own state during the mid 8th century after the fall of the large Ashina Clan polities.

Dzungar Khanate

Predecessors: “Yarkand Khanate”

Successors: “Empire of China (Qing Dynasty)”

Introduction: The Dzungar Khanate was an early modern Oirat Mongol state, spanning from China to Kyrgyzstan and even Southern Siberia. The region of Dzungaria, otherwise known as Northern Xinjiang, was the core of the Khanate, and derives its name from it as such. 

Khazar Khaganate

Successors: “Kyivan Rus”, “Volga Bulgaria”

Introduction: The Khazar Khaganate was a powerful Turkic state that existed from the Steppes of Central Asia, the Caucuses, and into Eastern Europe. The Khaganate served as a buffer between Byzantium, the Arab Caliphates, and the nomadic peoples of the Northern Steppe. Due to its status as a powerful commercial empire, Khazaria had a rich polyethnic populace, combining Tengrists, Christians, Muslims, Pagans, and Jewish diaspora. The rulers of Khazaria converted to Judaism around the 8th century AD.

Tashkent Khanate

Successors: “Russian Empire”, “Tashkent Republic”

Related states: “Shaybanid dynasty”, “Janid dynasty”

Introduction: The Tashkent Khanate was a Central Asian khanate centered around the city of Tashkent. It was allied with the Shaybanid and Janid Dynasties of Bukhara, and was defeated and absorbed by the Kazakh Khanate in 1627.

Arslanid dynasty

Related States: “Türgesh Khaganate”

Introduction: The Arslanid Dynasty was a Turkic group that was a branch of the small Türgesh. The attribution of coins to the Arslanids is based on the proposal of Dr.V.Nastich, who pointed out that the runic letter R found on Arslanid coins may represent the first consonant letter in the name Arslanid. That would follow the same style as the Türgesh, whose tamgha (the Runic letter T) represents the first consonant in the name Türgesh.

Qarluq Khanate

Predecessors:  “Türgesh Khaganate”

Successors: “United Qarakhanid Khaganate”

Related States: “Syr Darya Oghuz State”

Introduction: The Qarluq Khanate or Qarluq Yabghu State was a Qarluq Turkic polity that existed in Semirechye during the early medieval period. They originally held a title of medium importance as vassals of the Göktürks then the Uyghurs, and filled the vacuum created by the fall of the Türgesh. When the Uyghur Khaganate was crushed by the Yenisei Kyrgyz in 840 AD, the Qarluq Yabghu declared himself khan and the Qarakhanid Khanate was born.

Semirechye

Introduction: Semirechye or Jetisu was a region of Central Asia encompassing modern day Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The name comes from "seven rivers" in Kazakh, referring to the rivers that flow into Lake Balkhash.

City of Suyab

Related States: “Türgesh Khaganate”

Introduction: Suyab was a Silk Road city located in Semirechye, modern day Kyrgyzstan. It derived its name from the Suyab River which flows past the city. It acted as a capital of the Western Turkic Khaganate, and was a major city of states such as the Qarluqs, Türgesh, and even Tang Dynasty’s Anxi Protectorate.

Tukhus Tribe

Predecessors:  “Türgesh Khaganate”

Introduction: The Tukhus or Tuhsi Tribe was a Turkic tribe located within Semirechye. They were a vassal or branch of the Türgesh Khaganate during its domination of Central Asia, and were considered the remnants of the Türgesh people after the Khaganate fell. Qarakhanid lexicographer Mahmud of Kashgar praised the Tukhus’ Turkic dialect, claiming it to be "pure" and "most correct", both in terms of accent and vocabulary.

Türgesh Khaganate

Successors: “Qarluq Khanate”, “Syr Darya Oghuz State”

Related States: “Arslanid Dynasty”, “Tukhus Tribe”

Introduction: The Türgesh Khaganate was one of the most powerful Turkic states to emerge from the fall of the Göktürk Khaganates. The Türgesh controlled Semirechye, as well as parts of Chach and Sogdiana. The Türgesh were instrumental in fighting against the Umayyad invasion of Central Asia, inflicting devastating defeats such as the infamous “Day of Thirst”.

Yaghlaqar clan

Successors: “Uyghur Khaganate”

Related States: “Qocho Kingdom”

Introduction: The Yaghlaqar Clan was the first imperial clan of the Turkic Uyghur Khaganate. It was named for their mythical founder, Yaglakar Khan. After the fall of the Uyghur Khaganate, members of the imperial Yaghlaqar Clan would go on to found the Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom.

Bukhar Khudat dynasty

Predecessors: “Bukhara (ancient)”

Successors: “Samanid Dynasty”

Related States: “Bukhara Sogd”, “City of Varakhsha”, “City of Vardanzi”, “City of Paikend”

Introduction: The Bukhar Khudat/Khudah Dynasty was a Sogdian dynasty that ruled the oasis of Bukhara in the early medieval period. As the primary power in Western Sogdiana, the Khudahs vassalized a number of surrounding city-states. They had frequent conflicts with both the Umayyad invaders of Central Asia, as well as the local Wardan Khudahs, or Lords of Wardana/Vardana (Vardanzi). 

Bukhara Sogd

Predecessors: “Bukhara (ancient)”

Related States: “Bukhar Khudat Dynasty”, “City of Paikend”, “City of Vardanzi”, "City of Varakhsha”

Introduction: The Bukhara Oasis was the central power of Western Sogdiana. It was controlled by a number of local rulers during the early medieval period, most significantly the Bukhar Khudat Dynasty.

City of Paikend

Related States: “Bukhara Sogd”, “Bukhar Khudat Dynasty”

Introduction: The city of Paikend/Paykend was a Sogdian city-state located within the Bukhara Oasis. It was a great mercantile city, benefiting from the riches of the Silk Road. Fascinatingly, the city was ruled by a trader’s council and not a lord or governor, making it a republic in the 6th-7th century.

City of Varakhsha

Related States: “Bukhar Khudat Dynasty”, “Bukhara Sogd”

Introduction: The city of Varakhsha was a Sogdian city-state located within the Bukhara Oasis. Varakhsha was the seat of the Bukhar Khudat Dynasty ruling over Western Sogdiana, and contained the great Palace at Varakhsha

City of Vardanzi

Related States: “Bukhar Khudat Dynasty”, “Bukhara Sogd”

Introduction: The city of Vardanzi/Vardana/Wardana was a Sogdian city-state located within the Bukhara Oasis. Vardnazi was ruled by a dynasty known as the Vardan/Wardan Khudah, or the “Lords of Vardana”. They were rivals and participated in numerous conflicts with the Bukhar Khudat Dynasty in Bukhara.

Principality of Chach

Predecessors: “Kangju Kingdom”

Related States: “City of Farankat”, “City of Kanka”, ‘City of Kabarna”

Introduction: The Principality of Chach was an early medieval state centered around the modern day city of Tashkent. Chach was uniquely situated between the Sogdians of Sogdiana and the Tukic peoples of Semirechye, creating a blend of Turko-Sogdian culture. Chach fell under the rule of the Göktürks, and many coins from the period cite Turkic rulers.

City of Farankat

Predecessors: “Kangju Kingdom”

Related States: “Principality of Chach”

Introduction: The city of Farankat was a Chachian city within Central Asia during the early medieval period. The coins attributed to Farankat may in truth have been from the city of Benekan, as that is where the majority of finds have been discovered. 

City of Kabarna

Predecessors: “Kangju Kingdom”

Related States: “Principality of Chach”

Introduction: Kabarna was a region within the Chach Oasis, possibly associated with the settlement of Jabguket. Jabguket was the seat of the Turkic rulers in Chach.
 

City of Kanka

Predecessors: “Kangju Kingdom”

Related States: “Principality of Chach”

Introduction: The city of Kanka was an important urban center of the Chach Oasis. Kanka served as the first capital of the Principality of Chach.

Anonymous Chachian Principality I

Predecessors: “Kangju Kingdom”

Related States: “Principality of Chach”

Introduction: Within the Chach Oasis existed at least 4 states that current research has yet to attribute locations or names to. Despite this, they are known to have existed due to the occurrence of coinage bearing unique tamgha marks.

Anonymous Chachian Principality II

Predecessors: “Kangju Kingdom”

Related States: “Principality of Chach”

Introduction: Within the Chach Oasis existed at least 4 states that current research has yet to attribute locations or names to. Despite this, they are known to have existed due to the occurrence of coinage bearing unique tamgha marks.

Anonymous Chachian Principality III

Predecessors: “Kangju Kingdom”

Related States: “Principality of Chach”

Introduction: Within the Chach Oasis existed at least 4 states that current research has yet to attribute locations or names to. Despite this, they are known to have existed due to the occurrence of coinage bearing unique tamgha marks.

Anonymous Chachian Principality IV

Predecessors: “Kangju Kingdom”

Related States: “Principality of Chach”

Introduction: Within the Chach Oasis existed at least 4 states that current research has yet to attribute locations or names to. Despite this, they are known to have existed due to the occurrence of coinage bearing unique tamgha marks.
 

Ferghana Khaganate

Successors: “Samanid Dynasty”

Introduction: The Khaganate of Ferghana was located in the modern day Ferghana Valley. The region was under Turkic rule, which was replaced by the Tang Dynasty of China in 657 AD. Ferghana was deeply involved in the Umayyad invasion of Central Asia.

Principality of Fiknan

Introduction: The Principality of Fiknan was a Sogdian state centered around the oases of Gallaaral and Jizzakh, in  in the middle/lower Sangzar River region/the spurs of the Turkestan Range. The principality was only described in 2023, and the coins of Fiknan were often attributed to either Samarqand or Eastern Sogdiana in general.

Otrar oasis

Related States:  “Türgesh Khaganate”

Introduction: Otrar was an ancient Silk Road city located in Southern Kazakhstan. It was controlled by different states at different times, such as the Türgesh Khaganate or the later Mongol states.

Principality of Samitan

Introduction: The Principality of Samitan was a Sogdian state located 50 li (25 km) north of Samarqand, according to the Xin Tangshu, or “New Book of Tang”.

Domain of Fansar

Predecessors: “Samarqand (ancient)”

Related States: “Ikhshids of Samarqand”, “Domain of Pargar”

Introduction: The Domain of Fansar was a lesser Eastern Sogdian domain, located in modern day Tajikistan.

Domain of Pargar

Predecessors: “Samarqand (ancient)”

Related States: “Ikhshids of Samarqand”, “Domain of Fansar”

Introduction: The Domain of Pargar was a lesser Eastern Sogdian domain, located in modern day Tajikistan.

Principality of Panch

Related States: “Ikhshids of Samarqand”

Introduction: The Principality of Panch was a Sogdian state centered around the city of Penjikent. Despite its influence and power in the region, Penjikent was a vassal to the Ikhshids at Samarqand. Penjikent was the easternmost city of Sogdiana.

Ikhshids of Samarqand

Predecessors: “Samarqand (ancient)”, “Hephthalite Empire”

Successors: “Umayyad Caliphate”, “Abbasid Caliphate”

Related States: "Principality of Panch”, “Domain of Fansar”, “Domain of Pargar”, “Principality of Kesh” 

Introduction: The Ikhshids of Samarqand were the most powerful dynasty in Sogdiana during the early medieval period. Ruling from Samarqand in Eastern Sogdiana, the Ikhshids vassalized a number of smaller states around them, such as Penjikent. The dynasty was founded by Ikhshid Shishpir, who had been a local ruler in the nearby city of Kesh, who conquered Samarqand from the Hwabic Dynasty.

Principality of Kesh

Predecessors: “Kashkardarya Valley”

Related States: “Principality of Nakhshab”, “Ikhshids of Samarqand”

Introduction: The Principality of Kesh was centered on the city of Kesh, modern day Shahrisabz. It was one of two major urban centers of Southern Sogdiana, alongside Nakhshab. The founder of the Ikhshid Dynasty of Samarqand Shishpir was originally a ruler of Kesh. The city also served as the birthplace of the famous ruler Timur Tamerlane, who founded the Mongol Timurid Empire. 

Principality of Nakhshab 

Predecessors: “Nakhshab (ancient)”

Related States: “Principality of Kesh”

Introduction: The Principality of Nakhshab was centered on the city of Nakhshab, modern day Qarshi. It was one of two major urban centers of Southern Sogdiana, alongside Kesh. Nakhshab benefited greatly from trade between Balkh and Bukhara. 

Uncertain Sogdian mint

Introduction: The research of Sogdian and Central Asian numismatics has much work that still needs to be done. There exist a multitude of coins that have yet to be attributed to specific locations or states.

Principality of Ustrushana

Predecessors: “Hephthalite Empire”

Successors: “Samanid Dynasty”

Introduction: The Principality of Ustrushana was a Central Asian state located between Eastern Sogdiana, Chach, and Ferghana. The rulers of Ustrushana were known by the title of “Afshin”. The principality benefited greatly from trade and travel between its neighbors, and acted as a frontier province in Central Asia, bordering the Islamic lands conquered by the Arab Caliphates.

Badakhshan (Tokharistan)

Related States: “Umayyad Caliphate”

Introduction: Badakhshan is a historical region of Central Asia, situated within the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan and Southeastern Tajikistan. It sat along the Great Silk Road, and benefited greatly from the trade of rare ores and gemstones. 

Principality of Chaghaniyan

Predecessors: “Hephthalite Empire”

Successors: “Umayyad Caliphate”

Introduction: The Principality of Chaghaniyan was an early medieval Hephthalite Hunnic state located in Northern Tokharistan. After Chaghaniyan gained its independence when the Hephthalites fell, it was ruled by a local dynasty known as the Chaghan Khudah. Chaghaniyan fought against the Umayyad Caliphate’s invasion of Transoxiana alongside the Ikhshids of Samarqand and the Bukhar Khudahs. 

Northern Tokharistan  

Predecessors: “Hephthalite Empire”

Introduction: Tokharistan is the historical name used for the region of Southern Uzbekistan and Northern Afghanistan known to the Ancient Greeks as Baktria. The region was once ruled by the Hephthalite Huns, but also drew heavy cultural influence from their Sogdian neighbors.  
 

City of Termez

Introduction: The city of Termez was a Silk Road city of Northern Tokharistan, located in far Southern Uzbekistan. Termez was an early center of Buddhism, as well as a major site of the Islamic Golden Age. 

Vakhsh Valley

Predecessors: “Sassanian Empire”

Related states:  “Hephthalite Empire”

Introduction: The Vakhsh Valley is located along the Vakhsh River in Tajikistan. During the Hephthalite period in Tokharistan, Hunnic drachms imitating Sassanian coins of Peroz I were struck in the valley.

Tokhara Yabghus

Predecessors: “Sassanian Empire”, “Hephthalite Empire”

Successors: “Western Turk Shahis”

Introduction: The Yabghus of Tokharistan, or the Tokhara Yabghus, were a dynasty of Western Turk rulers in Southern Uzbekistan and Northern Afghanistan. Originally sub-kings of the Göktürk Khaganates, the Tokhara Yabghus came to rule Tokharistan on their own. 

Western Turk Shahis

Predecessors: “Nezak Huns”, “Hephthalite Empire”, “Tokhara Yabghus”

Successors: “Kabul Shahi Dynasties”

Introduction: The Western Turk Shahis of Kabul were a dynasty of Western Turkic/Turko-Hephthalite origin. It is believed the Turk Shahis were political extensions or sub-kings of the Yabghus of Tokharistan, who ruled most of Tokharistan to their north. The Western Turks’ territory was primarily centered around Kabulistan, but at greater extents included Zabulistan and even Gandhara. The Turk Shahis were eventually overtaken by a new dynasty of Hindu Shahis in 822 AD, ending centuries of Turkic rule in the region.

Qocho Kingdom

Predecessors: “Uyghur Khaganate”

Successors: “Western Liao Dynasty”, “Chagatai Khanate”

Introduction: The Kingdom of Qocho was also known as the Qara-Khoja Kingdom or the Gaochang Uyghur Kingdom. It was a rump state of the great Uyghur Khaganate, centered around the city of Qocho/Gaochang in the Tarim basin of modern day China. Originally Manichaeist, the kingdom became a major center for Buddhism and the Christian Church of the East.
 

Uyghur Khaganate 

Predecessors: “Yaghlaqar Clan” 

Successors: “Qocho Kingdom”, “United Qarakhanid Khaganate”

Introduction: The Uyghur Khaganate was a Turkic empire that existed across Central Asia, China, Mongolia, and Siberia. Ruled by the imperial Yaghlaqar Clan, the Uyghur Khaganate was the most powerful Turkic empire in the east at the time of its rule. The Khaganate was destroyed by the Yenisei Kyrgyz in 840 AD, who took over a majority of their former territory. This event was also the catalyst that formed the Qarakhanid Khaganate, who were once smaller vassals of the Uyghur.

Western Liao dynasty

Predecessors: “Liao Dynasty”, “United Qarakhanid Khaganate”, “Qocho Kingdom”, “Great Seljuk”

Successors: “Great Mongol”, “Khwarazmian Empire”

Introduction: The Western Liao Dynasty or the Qara-Khitai State was a Khitan led rump state of the Liao Dynasty. The state was founded by Emperor Yelü Dashi, fleeing the destruction of the Liao Dynasty by the Jurchen led Great Jin Dynasty. While Khitan in ethnicity, the Western Liao were culturally Sinicized to a large extent. For this reason, Chinese and Muslim historiographical sources often considered it a legitimate Chinese Imperial Dynasty.

Emirate of Bukhara 

Predecessors: “Janid Dynasty”, “Shaybanid Dynasty”

Successors: “Bukharan People's Soviet Republic”

Related States: “Khoqand Khanate”, “Khanate of Khiva”

Introduction: The Emirate of Bukhara was a Sunni Muslim Uzbek polity, centered around the city of Bukhara from 1785-1920. It was contemporaneous with the Khanates of Khiva and Khoqand, and was conquered by the Russian Empire, later joining the Soviet Union as the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.

Janid Dynasty

Predecessors: “Shaybanid Dynasty”

Successors: “Emirate of Bukhara”, “Khanate of Khoqand”

Introduction: The Janid Dynasty was the second and last ruling dynasty of the Khanate of Bukhara. 

Shaybanid dynasty

Predecessors: “Timurid Empire”

Successors: “Janid Dynasty”

Related States: “Emirate of Bukhara”

Introduction: The Shaybanid Dynasty was the first ruling dynasty of the Khanate of Bukhara. The Shaybanids also ruled over the Uzbek Khanate, before it splintered into smaller states such as the Khanate of Bukhara and the Kazakh Khanate. 
 

Khanate of Khiva

Predecessors: “Timurid Empire”

Successors: “Khorezm People's Soviet Republic”

Related States: “Emirate of Bukhara”, “Khoqand Khanate”

Introduction: The Khanate of Khiva was an Uzbek khanate, centered around the region of Khwarazm. The khanate ruled from 1511-1920, with a short period of vassalage to Afsharid Iran. Khiva was conquered by Russia, and joined the Soviet Union as the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic.
 

Khorezm People's Soviet Republic

Predecessors: “Khanate of Khiva”

Successors: “Soviet Union”

Related States: “Bukharan People's Soviet Republic”

Introduction: The Khorezm People's Soviet Republic was the successor state of the Khanate of Khiva. It was later split between the Uzbek and Turkmen SSRs and the Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast as part of Soviet Union’s delimitation of Central Asia according to nationalities.

Khoqand Khanate

Predecessors: “Janid Dynasty”

Successors: “Soviet Union”

Related States: “Khanate of Khiva”, “Emirate of Bukhara”

Introduction: The Khanate of Khoqand was an Uzbek state centered around the city of Khoqand, in the Ferghana Valley. The khanate was established in 1709 when the emir of the Ming tribe of Uzbeks declared independence from the Khanate of Bukhara, ruled by the Janid Dynasty.

Bekdom of Shahrisabz

Introduction: The Bekdom of Shahrisabz was an early modern Islamic state centered around the Uzbek city of Shahrisabz

Tashkent Republic

Predecessors: “Janid Dynasty”

Successors: “Khoqand Khanate”

Related States: “Tashkent Khanate”

Introduction: The Tashkent Republic was a short lived state centered around the Uzbek city of Tashkent. The city had been in the crosshairs of 4 powerful states, namely the Khoqand Khanate, the Kalmyk Khanate, the Kazakh Khanate, and the Emirate of Bukhara. At the same time, there was an internecine war between four parts of the city, called dakhas: Kukcha, Sibzar, Sheykhantaur and Beshagach. Yunus Khoja of Sheykhantaur emerged victorious, and united the city into a monarchy until it was conquered by Khoqand in 1808.

City of Akhsi

Introduction: The city of Akhsi was a late Central Asian city that issued anonymous falus in the early modern period.
 

City of Andijan

Introduction: The city of Andijan is a Central Asian city located in the Ferghana Valley of Uzbekistan.

City of Bukhara

Introduction: The city of Bukhara is a Central Asian city located in the Bukhara Oasis of Uzbekistan. Bukhara is one of the oldest and most historically significant cities of Central Asia, playing host to countless states and empires.

City of Hisar

Introduction: The city of Hisar was a late Central Asian city that issued anonymous falus in the early modern period.

City of Karmina

Introduction: The city of Karmina was a late Central Asian city that issued anonymous falus in the early modern period.

City of Kashgar

Introduction: The city of Kashgar is a Central Asian city located in the Tarim Basin of modern day Xinjiang, China. 

City of Khwarizm

Introduction: The city of Khwarizm was a late Central Asian city located in the Khwarazm Region of Uzbekistan, near the former Aral Sea.

City of Marw

Introduction: The city of Marw was a late Central Asian city located near the modern day city of Mary, Turkmenistan.

City of Miyan Kal

Introduction: The city of Miyan Kal was a late Central Asian city that issued anonymous falus in the early modern period.

City of Parak

Introduction: The city of Parak or Farkat was a late Central Asian city that issued anonymous falus in the early modern period.

City of Qarshi

Introduction: The city of Qarshi is located in southern Uzbekistan. It was known as Nakhshab to the Sogdian inhabitants of ancient and early medieval Uzbekistan, and was the seat of a powerful principality in antiquity. 

City of Sabran

Introduction: The city of Sabran was a late Central Asian city that issued anonymous falus in the early modern period.

City of Samarqand

Introduction: The city of Samarqand is a Central Asian city located within modern day Uzbekistan, and is among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia. Samarqand was the seat of countless powerful states in history, such as the Ikhshids, Hephthalites, and Mongols. In antiquity, Samarqand was the most influential and powerful of the Sogdian city-states.
 

City of Shahrukhiya

Introduction: The city of Shahrukhiya was a late Central Asian city located within the Tashkent Oasis, Uzbekistan.

City of Tashkand

Introduction: The city of Tashkand or Tashkent is the modern capital of Uzbekistan, and one of the most influential Uzbek cities in history. Known as Chach in antiquity, the city played host to a number of powerful states, such as the Kangju Confederacy and the Principality of Chach, as well as acted as an independent khanate and city state in the early modern period.

City of Tirmidh

Introduction: The city of Tirmidh or Termez is an influential Central Asian city located in Southern Uzbekistan. Termez was an important stop on the Silk Road through Central Asia.
 

City of Yasi

Introduction: The city of Yasi was a late Central Asian city that issued anonymous falus in the early modern period.

And that is all of the Central Asian issuers currently in the Numista catalog. Thank you for bearing with me through this massive post, and I hope you have a wonderful day!

I am not so sure about this:

Tashkent Khanate

Successors: “Russian Empire”, “Tashkent Republic”

We usually list only immediate successors.

I agree, I must have written that one while tired haha. “Tashkent Republic“ could go into related states for the Tashkent Khanate instead

Phew. Done now :) Thank you for this great work!

Thank YOU for pushing through all of that haha!