Gold Stater Freckenham Cross Crown / Plouviez Cross

Features

Issuer	Iceni tribe (Celtic Britain)
Type	Standard circulation coins
Years	25 BC - 20 BC
Value	Stater (1)
Currency	Stater
Composition	Złoto
Weight	5.7 g
Diameter	16 mm
Shape	Okrągły (nieregularny)
Technique	Młotkowana
Orientation	Variable alignment ↺
Demonetized	Yes
Number	N# 460658
References	ABC# 1417 Elizabeth Cottam, Philip de Jersey, Chris Rudd, John Sills; 2010. Ancient British Coins. Chris Rudd, Aylsham, United Kingdom. , Van Arsdell# 624-04 Robert D. Van Arsdell; 1989. Celtic Coinage of Britain. Spink & Son, London, United Kingdom. , Sp# 427 Standard Catalogue of British Coins (37 volumes). , BMC Iron# 3391 Richard Hobbs; 1996. British Iron Age coins in the British Museum. British Museum, London, United Kingdom. , Mack# 400 Richard Paston Mack; 1975. The Coinage of Ancient Britain. Spink & Son, London, United Kingdom. , Talbot MfT# Plouviez John Talbot; 2017. Made for Trade: A New View of Icenian Coinage. Oxbow, Oxford, United Kingdom. , COI# 37a, 37b Elizabeth Cottam, Chris Rudd; 2022. Coins of the Iceni. Chris Rudd, Aylsham, United Kingdom.

Series: Denominational Period I

Obverse

(en) Pellet cross with ringed pellet in centre.

Reverse

(en) Horse right, large open head. Crown-like motif (arch with two lobes with two pellets in each sector) and pellet triad above. Pellet triad or small crosses below.

Comments

(en)

Evans: XXIII.6 (1890, p. 582, pl. XXIII).

Allen Type: British Nc.

Van Arsdell Classification: Icenian B, Early Uninscribed Gold Types, Earlier Freckenham Types.

Chris Rudd (ABC) ‘Freckenham Cross Crown’.

Talbot Plouviez. Crude obverses with finer reverses. The denominational period started with higher purity gold (after the debasement of the Wolf B) and is stylistically linked to early local period silver, with Snettisham similar to Large Flan A and Plouviez following on from Snettisham with less silver and more copper content in the gold. Struck at Mint A, which was responsible for most gold and used the most dies, characterised by a horse with an open head. The Plouviez stater is associated with the Plouviez half unit and later Snettisham quarters.

Talbot Chronology: Gallo-Belgic E/Ingoldisthorpe - Early Local Period I (55BC-35BC) - Early Local Period II (35BC-15BC) - Denominational Period I (15BC-5: Snettisham - Plouviez - Irstead - Early Boar Horse) - Denominational Period II (5-25: Boar Horse B - Boar Horse C) - Denominational Period III (25-45).

Cottam and Rudd list two types:
COI 37a (ABC 1417) - Plouviez Cross Crown (1 known): Pellet triad below horse.
COI 37b - Plouviez Cross Small Crosses (12 known): Two crosses below horse (see Chris Rudd's ‘Crown Type with Little Crosses’, Chris Rudd List 142, 7 September 215, lot 12).
COI 37 is split across Plouviez Cross, Plouviez Cross Wheel (ABC 1420) and Plouviez Cross Two Wheel (ABC 1414).

Cottam and Rudd Chronology: Gallic War Unity (55-50BC) - Post-War Austerity (50-35BC) - Peaceful Prosperity (35BC-20) - Client-State Conformity (20-47) - Claudian Regality (43-47).

British Museum metallurgical analysis RL189: Au 38%, Ag 29%, Cu 31%.

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Date	References
Undetermined
ND (25 BC - 20 BC)	COI# 37a Elizabeth Cottam, Chris Rudd; 2022. Coins of the Iceni. Chris Rudd, Aylsham, United Kingdom.	(en) Pellet triad below horse
ND (25 BC - 20 BC)	COI# 37b Elizabeth Cottam, Chris Rudd; 2022. Coins of the Iceni. Chris Rudd, Aylsham, United Kingdom.	(en) Two crosses below horse

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