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НУМІЗМАТИЧНІ ЗНАХІДКИ З РОЗКОПОК ЦЕРКВИ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ УЖГОРОДСЬКОГО ЗАМКУ ЗА 2018, 2019 та 2023 РОКИ

Translated title Numismatic Finds From the Excavations of the Uzhhorod Castle Church in 2018, 2019 and 2023
Authors Andriy S. Boiko-Gagarin (Андрей С. Бойко-Гагарин), Volodymyr Moizhes
Published in Український нумізматичний щорічник, Volume 7 (2023)
The Ukrainian Numismatic Annual
Pages 89-123 (35 pages)
Download https://doi.org/10.31470/2616-6275-2023-7-89-123
Number
N#
L143141
 
Hungarian Kingdom, Uzhhorod Castle, church ruins, archaeological research, money circulation of Transcarpathia, silver coins, coin counterfeits.

Abstract

The Hungarian coin is widely known among the finds on the territory of Ukraine, but it has remained outside the attention of the scientists, sporadically highlighting only some individual issues. The aim of the study is to introduce into the scientific circulation and analyze the numismatic material discovered by archaeologists during the expedition of the Uzhhorod National University during 2018 – 2023. Also we try to analyze the numismatic material discovered by archaeologists in the context of the circulation of Hungarian coins in Ukraine. The Conclusions . During the archaeological expedition of the Uzhhorod National University on the territory of the central nave of the Uzhhorod castle researchers discovered a significant number of coins from the Middle Ages and the early modern period, including contemporary forgeries. The largest number of coins discovered by archaeologists refers to Hungarian kingdom. The official coin in Hungary was first issued in 10th century, although the oldest Hungarian coins found in Transcarpathia date back to the reign of kings Koloman I Arpad (1095–1116) and István II Arpad (1105–1131). So it can be argued that the beginning of the penetration of Hungarian coins into Transcarpathia took place no earlier than the end of the 11th – the beginning of the 12th century, while the coin minting in Hungary lasted for more than a century. Large coins of Charles Robert (1307–1342) were quite widely distributed in Ukraine, the finds are known in the historical territories of Volhynia, Podillia, Bukovyna and Transcarpathia. One grosz of Charles I Robert (1307–1342) was also discovered during the excavations of the Uzhhorod castle. Until the end of the 14th century Hungarian coins were rarely found in Ukrainian lands but mostly Polish, Lithuanian, and Bohemian coins were in circulation. The Hungarian coins of Sigismund I of Luxemburg (1387–1437) had the most significant influx on the monetary market, at this time the new coin types appeared: parvuses, quartings and denars. The most famous coin of Sigismund I of Luxemburg (1387–1437) was parvus, the finds of which were spread in Transcarpathia. The complex of the numismatic finds discovered by the archaeological expedition of the Uzhhorod National University includes quartings and parvuses of Sigismund I of Luxembourg (1387–1437). In the vicinity of the castle the archaeologists also discovered a large amount of stylistically similar denars minted during the reign of Vladislav I Jagiellon (1440–1444), Albert Habsburg (1437–1439) and Janos I Gunyadi (1446–1458). During the reign of Mathias I Corvinus (1458–1490), denarius gained considerable popularity among the silver coins. A number of different types of coins were found on the territory of the Uzhhorod castle from low silver consist coins of 1467 to high-grade coins of 1471–1490. In the period between 15th and 16th centuries the Hungarian denarii with image of the Mother of God began to appear on the territory of Western Europe, the first of which began to enter our lands from the time of the reign of Mathias I Corvinus (1458–1490) and Vladislav II Jagiellon (1490–1516). Hungarian coins with the image of the Mother of God held a strong position on the coin market of Bukovyna, Bessarabia, Transcarpathia and Galicia in the 16th century and the issue of this coin type lasted for over a century. According to the excavation materials of the Uzhhorod Castle were discovered the denars with the image of the Virgin Mary – issued by Rudolph II (1572–1608), Matthew (1608–1619) and Ferdinand II (1618–1625) of the Habsburgs. With the beginning of the coin minting by Leopold I of Habsburg (1655–1705), a new stage in the monetary circulation begins. The last Hungarian coins found on the territory of the ruined church in the Uzhhorod castle were the duariuses of Leopold I of Habsburg from 1695–1707, minted in Kermenits. In addition to Hungarian coins of various rulers, there were also foreign coins found in the Uzhhorod castle. The most valuable and rare coin is the silver denier of the county of Holland, minted during the reign of Floris IV, William II and Floris V in the years 1222–1243–1256. A huge interest in the context of the role of the Bohemian coin on the territory of Ukraine has the one-sided heller of 1471–1516, minted during the reign of Wladyslaw II. We see rather interesting the forgery made by counterfeiters based on the prototype of the thaler of 1612 of the last master of the Teutonic Order in Prussia found during the excavations of the church of the Uzhhorod castle is. Other coins from the excavations of the church ruins of the Uzhhorod castle are small silver coins of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Brandenburg-Prussia, the occupied by Sweden Baltic lands, as well as coins minted in various lands of the Holy Roman Empire, which were distributed in the 17th century on the territory of Central-Eastern Europe. Also, the review of the numismatic collection from the Uzhgorod Castle church confirms that it corresponds to the chronological range of the monument. Its upper limit is determined by the beginning of the 18th century, which coincides with the time of the destruction of the temple. The lower limit needs certain clarifications.

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